“News organizations will rely upon a greater variety of revenue streams… and their proportions will vary”

Sustainable business models have emerged as a Holy Grail of America’s news industry. Frustratingly elusive, such models have caused much mind-wringing by a variety of media scholars, one of whom is Robert G. Picard.

A leading light of the media business, Picard holds the Hamrin Professorship in media economics at the Jönköping International Business School, Sweden, and is a fellow at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at University of Oxford. In this instant-messenger conversation with Nikhil Moro of UNT’s Mayborn School of Journalism, Picard expands on views he articulated a few days earlier at the AEJMC conference in Denver.

Professor Picard, you have said, “The real problem we have today is too much news.” What do you mean by that?

We have too much news in the sense that we are bombarded with news from print, broadcast, Internet, mobile, and outdoor sources. It has made certain types of news ubiquitous and commoditized it. Flow of events news is particularly widely available. Consequently one cannot create much value with it.

When news turns into a commodity, does its quality tend to suffer?

It can. However, one can have quality information and news that is commoditized, which primarily strips it of economic value, but it may still have some social value.

You have said that the news industry’s problem is not revenue as much as a poor quality of its product. Elaborate?

The product problem today is that most news outlets are filling themselves up with inexpensive flow of events news from news agencies and features from feature agencies and syndicates that serve all types of media. The end result is that there is very little unique provided by different news organizations. Because some provide it free or nearly free, it makes it difficult to get the public to pay for news. News organizations have to pay attention to their products and ensure that they are higher quality and unique compared to competitors that did not previously exist.

Can you name five attributes of great journalism that also help the business side of news operations?

Uniqueness, credibility, specialization, knowledgeable analysis, and application to readers and listeners' lives.

How would you define credibility in news?

Credibility results from audience faith that the news source is primarily concerned with the public's interest, that it is making efforts to be fair and accurate, and that it is an honest broker of information. It is not just something news organizations do, but something the public BELIEVES they do.

Can a business model define the product’s social value?

Social value comes from news and information that helps us understand the world about us, gives us knowledge needed to participate in society, and helps us interact effectively with those around out. That kind of material is relative expensive to produce and only small percentage of news outlets engage in that kind of news production. A business model—the parts that define what the product is and how it will be produced—can incorporate activities most likely to produce social value.

The news industry’s movement from mass medium to “niche medium”may be alienating mass advertisers. But can any good come of it?

Perhaps. It will begin to move news organizations away from being primarily providers of non-news content (75% or more of content in newspapers, for example, isn't news) toward a focus on news and providing in ways other distributors do not, and in better ways than other providers.

Is the health of journalism related to the stability of news organizations?

No. News organizations are in poor health today, but journalism is in good health. I say that because not just journalists but public officials and the public are discussing the importance of journalism and journalism practice and seeking new ways to ensure society has the kind of journalism necessary for public life and democracy to take place. The focus on the functions of journalism and how to achieve them in the future indicates an esteem for and support of journalism that has not been evident for many years.

You have said that the “mass media model won’t go away completely, but it will not be the primary model of newspapers in the future.”

The mass media business model is dependent upon creating an audience of such size that advertisers will be willing to pay a disproportionate part of the costs of operations so audiences can access content at a low price or free (as in television). Some advertisers will still be interested in reaching the smaller audiences that news produces, but additional revenue will be needed from other sources. In the future, the business model will include revenue generation from more sources.

What might be the other sources?

Raising the price to audiences is one. Engaging in commercial activities that can subsidize news operations is another option. Obtaining grants and donations may work for some providers.

Does Rupert Murdoch’s payment model have a chance when competitors such as BBC Online, which is funded by a license fee, are offering similar content for free?

That depends on how one defines success. Although BBC Online provides news and features, there is some unique content in papers such as The Times of London and there are people in Britain and elsewhere who will wish to access it for a fee. Those numbers will be far lower than those who want it free, however. There is no reader income when it is free and at least some when it is paid. From that standpoint it will be a success. However, a second question is whether advertising revenue lost from the reducing readers with the pay wall will decline to the point it outweighs the new income.

So is free a model?

It is a model, but only if someone other than readers, viewers, or listeners is willing to pay the price. Although many think of it as free, the BBC and its online operations are not and are paid for by the licence fees of nearly every British household. In general, free is not a good price from the producer’s standpoint, but consumers may like.

Professor Dan Gillmor said last week, “I am not clear which business model is going to emerge.” What is your assessment? Regardless, would you like to share a list of five emerging business models that are most likely to prevail?

It would be nice to say there is a single model that will emerge but there will be many, depending upon the unique characteristics and situations of each news organizations. I don't think it is possible to say there will be clearly separate models. What I foresee is that all news organizations will rely upon a greater variety of revenue streams than in the past and that the proportions from each will vary. Even not-for-profit media such as the BBC, NPR, and The Guardian now have multiple income streams, including commercial income.

If American newspapers have been losing 1-2% of their audience every year for 40 years, what is different now?

The current situation did not happen suddenly and the Internet is not to blame, but is compounding the long-term challenge. What has happened it that circulation has now reached a critical tipping point. Combined with new developments in digital media, both the public and advertisers are changing their consumption patterns and reconsidering all their media use.

Please name a couple of your favorite news outlets, perhaps newspapers that you read every day.

I regularly read The Boston Globe, The New York Times, and The Guardian in hard copy when they are available and otherwise online. CBS News and BBC are my main broadcast sources.

Any favorite Swedish newspaper?

When I am in Sweden I favor Dagens Nyheter.

Do you see a consolidation in the news industry in America? If so, at what levels?

Consolidation is already occurring at the local level through joint ownership and joint ventures between local newspapers, television stations, and cable channels. At the national and global level we are seeing major media operating several outlets and news services and we are seeing use of bureaus and reporters from other news organizations in gathering international news. When organizations encounter financial problems, consolidation is a normal business response.

Are you elated or bothered by consolidation at the national/global levels?

Both. It is a two-edged sword that has to be viewed with caution. From one view it is improving news provisions in some outlets, reducing costs, and making news more readily available. From another view, however, it reduces the number of news and information sources and creates fewer independent sources. That said, we are better off today in terms of the number of news providers at the national and international levels than in the past and the number is growing. Even at the local level we are now seeing a variety of new startups If the entrants balance the consolidation we will not have a problem; if they don’t, we will need to be worried about the effects.

Would you share some wisdom? -- your top five tips for entrepreneurs that are about to start a media startup such as a hyper-local or community news portal.

1) Do something different from newspapers and television stations in your cities.

2) Focus on what your readers need and are not getting elsewhere.

3) Make the public part of your effort; draw on their knowledge and expertise; allow them to participate in many different ways.

4) Pay attention to the management of the enterprise and ensure you carry out tasks that will make it sustainable.

5) Do not assume that merely because you are doing something good, it will be perceived as valuable and useful by the public.

Thanks for the stimulating interview!

You are welcome. I have enjoyed it.

Getting to Know Your CCJIG Officers

A Question and Answer Session
By Anne Golden Worsham
CCJIG Secretary

In a series of e-mail interviews, this year's officers of the Civic & Citizen Journalism Interest Group shared some details about how they became interested in the field, and some personal information as well:

Mary Beth Callie (Interest Group Chair)

My passion for all things “civic” is likely rooted in the fact that I was born on the Fourth of July, just outside Philadelphia. I grew up fascinated by early American history and the Bicentennial. Later on, through my doctoral work in Media Studies and Public Policy, I would begin to connect the ideals of civic republicanism, participatory democracy, and the “common good” with questions abut the role of the media in a democracy. Through historical and case study analysis, I examined the deep structure of corporate capitalism, and how privatized control of the broadcast airwaves was/is framed in terms of the “public interest.”

My passion for civic and citizen journalism can also be traced by my work on citizen’s campaign for comprehensive mass transit campaign in Tucson. This experience taught me a lot about the need for a citizen engaged press that supports community problem-solving.

Dessert greatest temptation and random fact

Soft homemade chocolate chip cookies, or the dough, with a glass of milk. My dad’s cousin, Del Callie, has owned Callie’s Candy Kitchen in the Pennyslvania Pocono mountains for almost 60 years. It was, and still is, a favorite family vacation destination for me and my siblings.

Deborah S. Chung (Co-Vice Chair and Programming Chair)

How did you get interested in civic and citizen journalism?
While working on my doctoral degree at Indiana University and pondering dissertation ideas in 2001 and 2002, I became increasingly fascinated in the concept of interactivity and audience participation. I had been formerly interested in the core ideals of civic journalism and saw the link with technology and citizens as promise for the future of journalism and potential for a thriving democratic society. I see online news publications as places and spaces that can offer more egalitarian opportunities for audiences to participate in civic life and become more actively engaged citizens. As my research interests focus on the changing dynamics between communication professionals and their audiences through emergent information communication technologies (ICTs) and specifically in the context of online news, I saw a tremendous opportunity in pursuing this line of research that could meaningfully contribute to our understanding of the potentially changing definitions and boundaries of journalism.

Share a random fact about yourself:
I am an American Idol fan, especially for seasons 1, 2, 3, 6 and most definitely 8. I have dialed in 500 + times for the contestants I deemed worthy of winning the title. I saved all numbers on speed dial each time (my phone, husband’s phone, home phone). Just love participatory culture!

Kirsten A. Johnson (Co-Vice Chair)

How did you get interested in civic and citizen journalism?
I became interested in citizen journalism in 2004 while I was a doctoral student at Drexel University in Philadelphia. As I was searching for dissertation topics I became very interested in blogging and how journalists were using this tool to tell stories. While researching journalistic blogging I stumbled across the work of Shayne Bowman and Chris Willis. After reading “We Media” it became clear to me that citizen journalism would be the focus of my dissertation. Since completing my dissertation in 2007 I have continued to do research in this area, specifically in the area of markers of credibility on citizen journalism web sites.

Which dessert is the greatest temptation for you?
My husband’s homemade chocolate covered marshmallows are my greatest temptation. It’s great being married to a chocolate maker!


Glenn Scott (Research Chair)

How did you get interested in citizen journalism?
Before my mid-career move into higher education, I worked as a newspaper journalist, mainly as a full-time metro columnist for a daily paper. In that role, I enjoyed a ton of traditional-styled interaction with readers by talking on the phone, shooting cards through the mail, and meeting people at events and speeches. Metro columnists give a lot of speeches; every club and service group needs a program. I've never understood the conceit that journalists work apart from non-journalists. Almost all we do -- and all we know -- is concocted from shared human experience and communication. So when I became a researcher -- and as digitization was serving to reshape journalism -- I had a practiced interest in considering how news organizations might widen communication flows with readers (or users) to enrich the process of newsmaking.
All this means I first approached the practices of civic and citizen journalism from the production side. My initial questions dealt with why and how news organizations are widening discourse with interested consumers, and with what effect. Now I'm also eager to learn more about initiatives that begin outside traditional newsrooms and that might, at some point, intersect with the practices of professional news workers. This is clearly a growth area, and I'd encourage interested researchers to see what you might explore.

Which dessert is the greatest temptation for you?
Vanilla ice cream on a hot brownie. Willing to share.


Sue Ellen Christian (Teaching Chair)
How did you get interested in civic and citizen journalism?
When I left full-time journalism for academia, I was looking for projects involving creative activity. I found my inspiration through a grant that provided me with the financial support and vision to launch diversity-related community journalism projects that teamed up undergraduate journalism students with a local public high school newspaper staff. My interest in civic journalism and promoting coverage of unique community issues grew from there.
Share a random fact about yourself:/
I love Cocoa-Puffs but hate Apple Jacks, and enjoy doing pottery.


Jack Rosenberry (Newsletter Editor; chair 2007-2008)

How did you get interested in civic and citizen journalism?
In my case, it came about through my desire to find something related to online, interactive journalism for a dissertation topic circa 2003. As I read about what was going on in the field, the idea occurred to me that interactive, audience-engaged journalism and civic engagement were two closely related topics. When I attended an AEJMC pre-conference in Toronto in 2004 organized by Len Witt and co-sponsored by the (then) Civic Journalism Interest Group (now CCJIG), the ideas really started to coalesce for me. A few months later I proposed a dissertation topic built around the idea of how legacy media could use their interactive online sites to improve civic engagement; the actual title of the resulting dissertation was “The Fourth Estate in the Networked Age: A Framework for Online Public Affairs Coverage.” I’ve been involved with CCJIG ever since, and the ideas built into the dissertation have framed my ongoing research since then as well.

Share a random fact about yourself:
As a big National Hockey League fan (and especially Buffalo Sabres fan) I am disappointed to see the end of the NHL season and already looking forward to the beginning of the next one in October. PS: Congrats to the Blackhawks and their fans. It was a great run for the franchise and the city of Chicago.


Anne Golden Worsham (Secretary)


How did you get interested in civic and citizen journalism?
My first newspaper editor was one of my greatest teachers. He strongly believed in citizen, civic and community journalism and inculcated these values into the minds and souls of the journalists working under him. He valued the written contributions of citizens, as he felt that this was part of the civic conversation that brought understanding to different factions in the community. He was excited about the civic dialogue occurring on the newspaper’s website. He also felt that the newspaper should be a problem solver for the community and a source of civic conversation and storytelling. My editor felt that a good newspaper article could be the dialogue that should be happening in the community but often wasn’t occurring because of misunderstandings and partisanship. I worked for the newspaper for several years as a journalist and an editor and then pursued my master’s and doctoral degrees. Throughout my professional and academic career I have carried this value system with me.


Which dessert is the greatest temptation for you?
I have a weakness for Swedish fish. Also, my husband makes wonderful desserts and I have trouble resisting his blueberry cobblers, dessert crepes and trifles.

AEJMC Preconvention Opportunity: Journalism Schools as News Providers

AEJMC Preconvention Conference

Journalism Schools as News Providers:
Challenges and Opportunities
Date: Tuesday, August 3, 2010
Time: 3:00 to 8:00 p.m.

Cost: $39 (Includes networking reception, limited to 100 participants)

Produced by: Baruch College's Department of Journalism and the Writing Professions and Kennesaw State University’s Center for Sustainable Journalism in collaboration with the Civic and Citizen Journalism Interest Group.

Register Now at the AEJMC Conference Site: https://www.applyweb.com/public/register?s=aejmc7

As newspapers shrink, journalism schools are filling gaps in news coverage through student journalism. There are clear benefits to the students, schools and public, along with challenges. In perhaps the most widely publicized legal confrontation for a journalism school, state prosecutors subpoenaed records related to Medill’s investigation of a 31-year-old murder conviction. What kinds of journalism are schools producing for the public? What are the challenges, risks and best practices? How might your school be involved and what precautions can your school take? This four-hour pre-conference will include case studies and experts in Pro-Am journalism, journalism education and media law from journalism schools and departments nationwide and includes a networking reception. Here is our line-up of confirmed speakers:

Panel One: What Is Changing and Why
1. Joshua Benton, Director of the Nieman Journalism Lab at Harvard University — Moderator
2. Karen Dunlap, President and Managing Director of the Poynter Institute
3. Lynda Kraxberger, Professor and Chair of Convergence Journalism, Missouri School of Journalism
4. Nicholas Lemann , Dean, Columbia Graduate School of Journalism
5. Geneva Overholser, Director of the School of Journalism at the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism

Panel Two: Grappling with Legal Risks and Other Challenges
1. Geanne Rosenberg, Founding Chair, Department of Journalism and the Writing Professions, City University of New York’s Baruch College and Associate Professor of Law and Ethics, City University of New York’s Graduate School of Journalism — Moderator
2. David Ardia, Co-founder and Director of the Citizen Media Law Project at Harvard University’s Berkman Center for Internet & Society
3. George Freeman, Assistant General Counsel and Newsroom Lawyer, The New York Times Company.
4. Jane Kirtley, Silha Professor of Media Ethics and Law, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota
5. Rose Ann Robertson, Associate Dean, School of Communication, American University
6. Steven D. Zansberg, Media Lawyer and Partner, Levine Sullivan Koch & Schulz, L.L.P.

Panel Three: Innovative Approaches to Community Journalism
1. Steve Shepard, Founding Dean, City University of New York’s Graduate School of Journalism – Moderator
2. Joe Bergantino, Director and Senior Investigative Reporter of the New England Center for Investigative Reporting at Boston University.
3. Lydia Chavez Professor, Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism
4. Richard Jones Editor for New York University’s Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute’s The Local: East Village Project
5. Leonard Witt, Robert D. Fowler Distinguished Chair in Communication at Kennesaw State University
6. Executive Producer, Reese Felts Newsroom, UNC-Chapel Hill’s School of Journalism and Mass Communication

Preconference Co-Directors: Geanne Rosenberg and Leonard Witt
Preconference Advisors:
1. Susan King, Vice President, External Affairs, Director of Journalism Initiative, Special initiatives and Strategy, Carnegie Corporation of New York
2. Eric Newton, Vice President for Journalism Program, John S. and James L. Knight Foundation

This event would not be possible without the generous support of the Harnisch Family Philanthropies.

For further information, please call Professor Geanne Rosenberg at (646) 312-3969.

Sign up for this session on the AEJMC Conference Registration form at:

https://www.applyweb.com/public/register?s=aejmc7

"Newspapers have served the interests of investors at the expense of readers"

James O'Shea, formerly a top editor of the Chicago Tribune and the Los Angeles Times, is a gingery advocate of public interest journalism. Mr. O'Shea edits Chicago News Cooperative which, in only five months of operation, has found a regular client in The New York Times, for which it produces two weekly pages.

Does Chicago News Cooperative represent a sustainable business model for America’s beleaguered news industry? I Q&A'ed with Mr. O’Shea via instant messenger on the sidelines of the 11th International Symposium on Online Journalism at which he had unveiled, as revenues of his venture, journalistic services, philanthropy, ads, and a $2-a-week fee from reader-members of the cooperative. In our conversation, Mr. O’Shea elaborated on that business model and on the redemptive value of public interest journalism for emerging news operations.

Nikhil Moro: Jim, congratulations on Chicago News Cooperative’s stupendous success. How does it feel to be only five months old but have two weekly pages published in The New York Times?

James O’Shea: It feels great, although I would feel better if I had all of the funding in hand to implement the website we are developing. The New York Times will be only one element of the cooperative. The Times is our first customer and a great one. It is a legacy media institution that is quite interested in experimentation while adhering to the high standards it has always pursued.

Moro: Can you name some of the “high standards” by which you measure good journalism?

O’Shea: Sure. The Times is a rigorously edited newspaper. The Chicago copy is originated in Chicago and edited here but then it is copy edited in New York. We share values such as accuracy, original reporting and balance in our stories. I always say that we report, we don't just repeat. Times editors examine our copy with the same rigor that they apply to their own writers.

Moro: What does “cooperative” mean? We don't seem to hear the old industrial revolution term much in American businesses. Can you give an example of the finest public interest journalism produced by Chicago News Cooperative?

O’Shea: By cooperative, we mean a news organization in which readers join us in developing ways to cover the news and finance the costs of news gathering through a $2 a week membership fee. It gives readers a sense of ownership in the news. Public interest journalism focuses on holding public officials and civic and commercial institutions in the community accountable.

One of the best examples I can think of is coverage of the death penalty when I was running the newsroom at the Chicago Tribune. Our reporters examined whether the death penalty was fairly applied -- that is did a poor, black man living in Illinois have a better chance of being sentenced to death for a crime than a more affluent white man? Our reporting suggested that the answer to that question was “Yes” and the stories we wrote prompted the then Republican governor of Illinois to slap a moratorium on executions in the state until reforms were undertaken. That is an excellent example of public interest journalism, the kind that gives voice to those who can't afford a megaphone.

One of our first stories at the CNC was a piece in which we reported on the huge profits being logged by the company that paid the city to take over Chicago’s parking meter franchise. It is a secretive process and we showed how the company that got the contract was making lots of money off it and raised questions about whether citizens of Chicago would have been better off keeping the franchise.

Moro: Didn't Mencken or Dunne, or some other muckraker, say that journalism must comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable? In that role, journalism would be, in itself, a function of public service.

O’Shea: Yes, I agree.

Moro: What are your plans for community journalism in the Chicago area?

O’Shea: As we develop our website, we are looking for opportunities to partner with community journalism practitioners in the city. We would like to develop profiles of all major schools in the city and I believe that we could help community journalists in this area and that they could help us.

Moro: As an expert in the newspaper industry, whose decline is the subject of your forthcoming book, would you say that Chicago News Cooperative represents a business model that could provide a future for the news industry?

O’Shea: Over the last 30 years, I think the newspaper industry spent entirely too much effort serving the interests of its advertisers and investors at the expense of readers. We must reconnect with readers and EARN their respect. This is an effort to do that. If it works, and I wouldn't be expending so much of my time and effort on the coop if I didn't think it would work, then the coop model could become a strong element of the future of journalism. We desperately need journalists and journalism is this country. This is an effort to figure out how we can finance the kind of journalism that the nation and the nation's journalists need more than ever.

Moro: How many journalists does Chicago News Cooperative employ? How much copy do you produce a week? Is your partnership with WTTW a convergence of staff, or more?

O’Shea: Currently, we have about a dozen journalists working with us. We produce about 8,000 words a week. Our partnership with WTTW is getting better by the day. We recently hired a joint reporter. CNC pays half his salary and WTTW pays half. He works for both of us, using the raw material of journalism that we produce as a base to extend his reporting and create broadcast journalism and video content for WTTW and our website. This is much better than a print reporting simply handing over his story to a broadcast outlet and then talking about it on air. We have a partnership that I hope will simply improve with time.

Moro: Dan Gillmor is optimistic about the news industry perhaps because, as he quipped at ISOJ a few days ago, “It doesn't cost us anything to try anything new any more.” Would you agree?

O’Shea: I agree with Dan. I am an optimist. So is Peter Osnos, the co-founder of Chicago News Cooperative who played a huge role in getting this organization off the ground. When I got into journalism, you had to be a wealthy person like Sam Zell to start a newspaper. We just started a news organization in Chicago with next to nothing.

Moro: How has your experience of editing the LA Times and the Chicago Tribune helped you run a news coop?

O’Shea: My experiences in Chicago and LA taught me to stay focused on what you are trying to do and don't get distracted by criticism and all of the people who like to take shots at you. I also learned the value of great journalism and picking people you can trust. There is no substitute for good people.

Moro: Why and when did you get into journalism?

O’Shea: I became a journalist in 1967 when I was in the U.S. Army. Basically I got into journalism in the Army to get out of the infantry. After the Army, I returned to journalism school at the University of Missouri and got my master's degree. I then went to work at The Des Moines Register in 1971, my first job on a daily.

Moro: Can you say anything about your forthcoming book?

O’Shea: I am working on a narrative about the collapse of the Times Mirror Tribune merger as a microcosm of what happened to the American newspaper. It is an epic tale.

Moro: O.K., I wish you the very best, Jim. And I hope that Chicago News Cooperative will pioneer a new business model for the news industry.

O’Shea: Thank you, Nikhil.

CCJIG Research Paper Call for 2010 Annual Conference

The Civic and Citizen Journalism Interest Group (CCJIG) invites research paper submissions for the 2010 convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication to be held in Denver on August 4 – 7.

Papers must be submitted by 11:59 p.m. on April 1, 2010, in accordance with all requirements of AEJMC and its uniform paper call and electronic submission process. Authors should ensure that their papers do not contain indentifying references. For a detailed explanation, please see “submitting a clean paper” under the uniform paper call on the AEJMC website.

Papers submitted will be eligible for separate faculty and student top paper awards of $151. Because of the separate competition for students, graduate students should be careful to identify themselves as such in the submission process. Papers co-authored with faculty members do not qualify for the student competition.

CCJIG is interested in research that examines the emergence, practice, sustenance and/or teaching of civic/citizen journalism. Authors are urged to submit papers that generally conform to this group’s interests. Papers that examine the use of blogs, for instance, do not automatically meet the group’s interests.

Suggested paper topics include: Citizen/civic journalism in political campaigns, citizen media, civic mapping, community conversations, newsroom projects, legal and ethical issues in civic/citizen journalism, crowdsourcing versus traditional "gatekeeper" journalism, civic/citizen journalism in a multicultural environment, civic/citizen journalism and new technologies, history/philosophy of civic/citizen journalism, the changing newspaper industry economy and its effect on the development of civic/citizen journalism movements, media convergence and civic/citizen journalism, the missions and meanings of "civic journalism" and/or "citizen journalism," teaching civic/citizen journalism, and use of polls, focus groups and other methods in civic reporting.

Special call: CCJIG is also looking for 2010 conference papers that explore and examine the intersections of community journalism, civic, and citizen journalism. One possible area of inquiry, for instance, would be to explore relationships between professional staff members of news organizations and their ‘citizen’ contributors. Papers might explore the differences (or similarities) in tasks, content, attitudes, or training as well as theories, ethical issues, history, and/or other applications that help to explain practices.

CCJIG welcomes submissions for the special call from all AEJMC members.

Please direct any questions to CCJIG Research Chair Glenn Scott (gscott3@elon.edu).

CCJIG at 15: Past, Present, Future

See CCJIG at 15: Past, Present, Future

Hot Topics in Journalism and Mass Communication, January 2010

Mary Beth Callie
CCJIG chair

Special SPIG call for Denver AEJMC: Social justice journalism in the classroom.

We teach techniques and technology, law and theory, but how should we handle questions of social justice?

Advocacy for the poor and powerless is nothing new to journalism. Muckrakers and crusaders through the decades have lived by the motto: “afflict the comfortable and comfort the afflicted.” Many of us teach students about America's strong tradition of the alternative press that still thrives today. Additionally, many colleges and universities have social justice as part of their mission.

But what should this mean to journalism educators? How does a commitment to social justice square with journalists’ ideals of fairness, accuracy, impartiality and truth? Here’s a chance to explore. SPIG invites critical essays, qualitative papers, and quantitative research on the issues and questions involved in pursuing justice through the journalism classroom.

We already have a slot reserved for this research panel during the Denver convention – 5 p.m. on Thursday, Aug. 5. This is in addition to our regular research showcase at the scholar-to-scholar session.

Submit your papers through the standard All Academic on-line process by April 1. (Details available at: http://aejmc.org/_10call.php) Make sure you use the phrase “social justice” somewhere in the title.

If you have any questions, please contact either of us:

Research Co-Chairs

John Jenks (jjenks@dom.edu)
Teresa Housel (housel@hope.edu)